Old Cisi

Cisi is a Upic language, spoken in Ķeposobo and Lāītešfe.

Syllable structure
Syllable structure in Cisi is challenged by allowing words consonant-wise. Strings of consonants are allowed, words such as lf "flat surface", crx "tear off" and tl "sour".

Morphology
Cisi morphology is quite similar to Proto-Upic, featuring these four cases and some additional ad positions. Cisi also features serial root constructions.


 * Absolutive: -(a)
 * Ergative/Genitive: -i
 * Syntactic noun phrases are always marked with =n
 * Dative receives function of patient marker, marker of standard of comparison and marker of alienable possession: a(CC)- it triggers gemination on the following consonant

Plural Marking
Plural marking in Cisi comes from a Proto-Upic form i- and hu-   they are reflected as i- and xu-, a simple system but evolves to encode quite a lot in Cisi, attached in verbs without a class you nomalize the verb, example   i-nax "piece of food"

Plural marking is not used in common speech, because older productive plural suffixes became unproductive, resulting in many ways to mark plural, often times being borrowed neighboring languages such as Telehe and Ansang. A Dialect that preserved Plural marking in two ways. In some dialects the Plural marking from Proto-Cisi i- and hu- still are used, but restricted to verbs like the example, other communities use it.


 * Reduplication, voicing the consonant or changing the reduplicated vowels to ÿ.

Gnomic
Indicates general truths within a statement.

Deductive
Indicates a deduction.

Reduplication and other functions
Not only they mark the plural, reduplication also has other functions like specifying particular nouns, iterate intransitives, directionless intransitives and normally talk about "made out of X" X being the reduplicated noun.

"Made out of X"
Here the reduplication is a bit different, partial reduplication taking the first CV and reduplicating it to form the meaning of "made out of X"

Numbers
It is theorized that Cisi is a Upic language, showed bellow a comparizions of numbers in Proto-Upic and Cisi, the theory is that Cisi borrowed other numbers from Proto-Attere but innovated the number 10 merging Upic root for hand and attaching the -yÿx suffix borrowed from Shote -yėr ( cognate with old-Telehe dual -yēx).