Proto-Duodoseic language

Hypothetical ancestor of Duodoseic languages.

Phonology
group.

Dorsal consonants shift

 * c cʰ > k kʰ
 * k kʰ > k kʰ
 * q qʰ > h

Fortification of pharyngeals

 * ʡ > q


 * h > ʔ

Vowel shifts

 * *x₁, *x₂, *x₃ > ĕ, ă, ŏ interconsonantally, elsewhere ĭ, ă, ŭ


 * *(ə)x₁ə, (ə)x₂ə, (ə)x₃ə > ē, ā, ō


 * *ə, *ə̄ > o, ō


 * N̥ > ʔ


 * R̥ > R


 * Y̊ > Y


 * S > h / V_V


 * Pʰ > P


 * NP > B


 * *ɲ, *ŋ > y, w
 * y, *w >  d, b