Ansang grammar

Overview
Ansang is an agglutinative language with some fusional aspects, presenting a Nominative-Accusative alignment, its a typical Koty language.

Nouns
Ansang present a series of cases that do not mark any other particular construction. It does not mark number, person neither TAM.

Pronouns
In Ansang pronouns are particles that can be attached to the verb or noun that can come after or before the root word.

ko-uŋoto oroto
 * Subject pronouns: Subject of the intransitive/transitive verb, essentially the Nominative.
 * Object pronouns: Object of the transitive verb, essentially the Accusative.
 * Possessive pronouns: The one that possesses an object.
 * Locative pronouns: Locative deixis for pronouns, only animate objects may be marked with the locative, otherwise the particle ndel may be used.
 * Stative pronouns: Indicates state of change of a person.

1.STAT-drink water

'I'll become the one who will drink water'o-poñe-ʼendi ndel vombɨt usonjo

2.STAT-health-IRR LOC next day

'May you become healthy by the next day'

Transitive verbs
Transitive verbs in Ansang language are the ones that take the most morphology of all.

TAM
Verbs in Ansang are not conjugated by person, they exhibit a system of TAM (Tense Aspect and Mood) with, Past and Non-Past Tense,  Imperative and Infinitive. They change accordingly to the last phoneme of the verb root.

Their etymology vary a lot, but it is theorized they are innovations or simply metathesis of the same suffix.

Although the use of these varies on the last phoneme of the root of the word, the row V# is the most used among all other ones, marked with green as the most prominent.

Infinitive
Special form of verbs that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb, in Ansang is no different to what English speakers are used to.

Non Past
Sometimes also called the Terminal conjugation of a verb, it's the base zero of a verb root.

Irrealis
A free label of a sequence of various moods.

Passive
The grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed.

Bellow we can see a example of a sentence with use of Negative particle. mbu-ndixi-ŋgɨ-le-lu

1SG.NOM-kiss-PST-NEG-2PL.ACC

'i didn’t kiss you'

rut-xap ndekot-eye-nde

1SG.LOC-temple pray-NPST-2.SG.ACC

'I am at the temple praying to you'

mbu-ayondɨ-ŋgɨ-le-mbai’ uriŋ

1SG.NOM-eat-NEG-PST-3SG.ACC meat

'I didn't eat meat'

Causatives
Causatives in Ansang come from the word voŋɨ "to give", it is also used as a benefactive and dative preposition."I'll do the work for you"

Derivation
Derivation in Ansang is a common act, and it is used in normal speech, mainly to form neologism the language does not has a root for it, or to simply to standardize the morphology.

Reduplication
Reduplication is not core feature of Ansang, it is frequent to see happening in noun words for example “mbo∼mboŋ” that commonly means ‘made of rocks’, reduplication carries this characteristic of ‘made out of X’ X is the word which you reduplicate, the first mora of the word is always chosen to reduplicate.

Commonly done in name conventions, one of the most common names is mbomboŋ "made out of rocks/strong as rocks"